University Mathematics

Today, we shall look at regression estimation. We will begin by looking at the usual & simple straight line regression model: . Let and by the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression [...]

So I understand that I lost many readers for the Sampling uploads.It is a bit difficult to the intensive use of notations and also the need for statistics knowledge. So here I’ll review a [...]

Sampling & Survey #1 – Introduction Sampling & Survey #2 – Simple Probability Samples Sampling & Survey #3 – Simple Random Sampling Sampling & Survey #4 [...]

This is a rather important topics for anyone interested in doing Finance. Lets look at their definition first. A Martingale is a random process with respect to the information filtration and the [...]

So last time we saw STR and here is a quick recap. Set the stratification scheme Set the stratum design Implement the sampling methods for each stratum independently Pool the strum estimates to [...]

Let be an n-dimensional vector of random variables. For all , the joint cumulative distribution function of X satisfies Clearly it is straightforward to generalise the previous definition to join [...]

Here we look at an important concept that is an extension from Bayes Theorem, which we discussed briefly. The condition expectation identity says The condition variance identity says Here both [...]

SRS form the basis of sampling and survey methods as it is easy to design and analyse, but it is rarely the best design. We may adopt systematic sampling or cluster sampling but we often are [...]

We look at the definitions first. A continuous random variable, X, has a probability density function (PDF), if and for all events A The CDF and PDF are related by It is good to know that we have [...]

Consider the following contract 1. Pay the price p at t=0. 2. Receive at time t=k, k = 1, …, T *Cash flow can be negative So what does the above contract mean? One pays a price p at time in [...]