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This is a rather important topics for anyone interested in doing Finance. Lets look at their definition first. A Martingale is a random process with respect to the information filtration and the [...]

So last time we saw STR and here is a quick recap. Set the stratification scheme Set the stratum design Implement the sampling methods for each stratum independently Pool the strum estimates to [...]

Let be an n-dimensional vector of random variables. For all , the joint cumulative distribution function of X satisfies Clearly it is straightforward to generalise the previous definition to join [...]

In all these years of teaching, I realised that many JC students still do not know a handful of things. So I will list down a few random ones that I can recall off-hand, and of course expand a [...]

Here we look at an important concept that is an extension from Bayes Theorem, which we discussed briefly. The condition expectation identity says The condition variance identity says Here both [...]

Problem of Over-generalization in General Paper “Women are always subservient to men.” “Everyone uses Instagram nowadays.” These statements are glaring examples of over-generalization that are [...]

SRS form the basis of sampling and survey methods as it is easy to design and analyse, but it is rarely the best design. We may adopt systematic sampling or cluster sampling but we often are [...]

We look at the definitions first. A continuous random variable, X, has a probability density function (PDF), if and for all events A The CDF and PDF are related by It is good to know that we have [...]

All of us wish the students receiving the O’levels Results 2016 the best! And do not let grades define you. 🙂 If you’re keen to meet up with us for the JC Talk, you may contact [...]

Consider the following contract 1. Pay the price p at t=0. 2. Receive at time t=k, k = 1, …, T *Cash flow can be negative So what does the above contract mean? One pays a price p at time in [...]